Calculations of Petrol Prices in India

If the cost price of petrol per litre is Rs 58.90, following is the break up of cost calculated by the government.

Basic Price: Rs 28.93
Excise duty: Rs 14.35
Education Tax: Rs 0.43
Dealer commission: Rs 1.05
VAT: Rs 5.5
Crude Oil Custom duty: Rs 1.1
Petrol Custom : Rs 1.54
Transportation Charge: Rs 6.00
Total price: Rs 58.90

Company Basic Price calculation – Considering that the current price of crude oil is $107 (on September 22) per barell, cost of per barrel in RS will be 107*45.40(1$=Rs45.40) = 4858.

One barell consists of approximately 160 litres. So Price of crude oil per litre will be 4858/160 = 30.36.

Now Indian Oil Company loses 1.44 Rs per litre + cost of transportation of crude oil and refining the price.

ONE.  Give  people more than they expect and do it  cheerfully.



TWO.  Marry  a man/woman you love to talk to. As you get  older, their conversational skills will be as  important as any other.



THREE.  Don't  believe all you hear, spend all you have or  sleep all you want.



FOUR.  When  you say, 'I love you,' mean  it.


FIVE.  When  you say, 'I'm sorry,' look the person in the  eye.



SIX.  Be  engaged at least six months before you get  married.



SEVEN.  Believe  in love at first  sight.



EIGHT.  Never  laugh at anyone's dreams. People who don't have  dreams don't have much.



NINE.  Love  deeply and passionately. You might get hurt but  it's the only way to live life completely.



TEN..  In  disagreements, fight fairly. No name calling.



ELEVEN.  Don't  judge people by their  relatives.



TWELVE.  Talk  slowly but think  quickly.



THIRTEEN. When  someone asks you a question you don't want to  answer, smile and ask, 'Why do you want to  know?'



FOURTEEN.  Remember  that great love and great achievements involve  great risk.



FIFTEEN.  Say  'bless you' when you hear someone sneeze.



SIXTEEN.  When  you lose, don't lose the  lesson.



SEVENTEEN.  Remember  the three R's: Respect for self; Respect for  others; and Responsibility for all your actions.



EIGHTEEN.  Don't  let a little dispute injure a great friendship.



NINETEEN.  When  you realize you've made a mistake, take  immediate steps to correct  it.



TWENTY. Smile when picking up the phone.  The caller will hear it in your voice



TWENTY-  ONE. Spend  some time alone.

Some Interesting Facts
1. MOPED is the short term for 'Motorized Pedaling'.
2. POP MUSIC is 'Popular Music' shortened.
3. BUS is the short term for 'Omnibus' that means everybody.
4. FORTNIGHT comes from 'Fourteen Nights' (Two Weeks).
5. DRAWING ROOM was actually a 'withdrawing room' where people withdrew after dinner.
Later the prefix 'with' was dropped..
6. NEWS refers to information from Four directions N, E, W and S..
7. AG-MARK, which some products bear, stems from 'Agricultural Marketing'.
8. JOURNAL is a diary that tells about 'Journey for a day' during each Day's business.
9. QUEUE comes from 'Queen's Quest'. Long back a long row of people as waiting to see the Queen. Someone made the comment Queen's Quest..
10. TIPS come from 'To Insure Prompt Service'. In olden days to get Prompt service from servants in an inn, travelers used to drop coins in a Box on which was written 'To Insure Prompt Service'. This gave rise to the custom of Tips.
11. JEEP is a vehicle with unique Gear system. It was invented during World War II (1939-1945). It was named 'General Purpose Vehicle (GP)'.GP was changed into JEEP later.
12. Coca-Cola was originally green.
13. The most common name in the world is Mohammed..
14. The name of all the continents end with the same letter that they start with.
15. The strongest muscle in the body is the tongue.(especially women)
16. TYPEWRITER is the longest word that can be made using the letters only on one row ! of the keyboard.
17. Women blink nearly twice as much as men!!
18. You can't kill yourself by holding your breath.
19. It is impossible to lick your elbow.
20.. People say "Bless you" when you sneeze because when you sneeze, your heart stops for a millisecond.
21. It is physically impossible for pigs to look up into the sky.
22. The "sixth sick sheik's sixth sheep's sick" is said to be the toughest tongue twister in the English language.
23. Each king in a deck of playing cards represents a great king from history. Spades - King David Clubs - Alexander the Great, Hearts - Charlemagne Diamonds - Julius Caesar.
24. Horse Statue in a Park… If a statue of a person in the park on a horse has both front legs in the air, the person died in battle. If the horse has one front leg in the air, the person died as a result of wounds received in battle If the horse has all four legs on the ground, the person died of natural causes.
25. What do bullet proof vests, fire escapes, windshield wipers and laser printers all have in common? Ans. - All invented by women.
26. A crocodile cannot stick its tongue out.
27. A snail can sleep for three years.
28. All polar bears are left handed.
29. Butterflies taste with their feet.
30. Elephants are the only animals that can't jump.
31. In the last 4000 years, no new animals have been domesticated.
32. On average, people fear spiders more than they do death.

33. Shakespeare invented the word 'assassination' and 'bump'.
34. Stewardesses is the longest word typed with only the left hand.
35. The ant always falls over on its right side when intoxicated.
36. The electric chair was invented by a dentist.
37. The human heart creates enough pressure when it pumps out to the body to squirt blood 30 feet.
38. Rats multiply so quickly that in 18 months, two rats could have over million descendants.
39. Wearing headphones for just an hour will increase the bacteria in your ear by 700 times.
40. If you sneeze too hard, you can fracture a rib. If you try to suppress a sneeze, you can rupture a blood vessel in your head or neck and die.
41. The cigarette lighter was invented before the matchbox.
42. Most lipstick contains fish scale

உன் சகோதரனின் துன்பத்தைக் கண்டு மகிழ்ச்சியை வெளிப்படுத்தாதே! அல்லாஹ் அவன் மீது கருணை புரிந்து அந்தத் துன்பத்தைக் களைந்துவிடுவான். உன்னைத் துன்பத்தில் ஆழ்த்திவிடுவான்.''
""எந்த மனிதனிடம் இந்த நான்கு குணங்கள் உள்ளனவோ அவன் அப்பட்டமான நயவஞ்சகனாவான், 1. அவனிடம் ஓர் அமானிதப் பொருளை ஒப்படைக்கும் போது அவன் மோசடி செய்வான். 2. பேசும்போது பொய் சொல்வான். 3. வாக்களித்தால் அதை நிறைவேற்ற மாட்டான். 4. எவரிடமாவது சண்டையிட்டால் வசை மொழிகளால் ஏசத் தொடங்குவான்.''
- நபிகள் நாயகம்

காஞ்சிப்பெரியவர்

எந்தச் செயலையும் அதற்குரிய தர்மத்துடன் முறையாகச் செய்ய வேண்டும். முறை பிறழும் போது, அதற்கான பின்விளைவை ஏற்றுத் தான் ஆகவேண்டும்.

நமக்கு நியாயமாகத் தோன்றுவது இன்னொருவருக்கு அநியாயமாகத் தெரியலாம். அதனால், எல்லோரும் ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளும் பொதுவான நியாயத்தைச் செய்வது தான் நல்லது.

ஒருவனுக்கு பணமும், பதவியும் இருக்கும்போது உண்டாகும் சுகத்தைவிட, அதைப் பாதுகாக்கவேண்டும், பதவி போய்விடக்கூடாது என்ற எண்ணம் தான் அதிகமாக இருக்கிறது.

உலகில் இருப்பவர்கள் எல்லாருமே, தாங்களே மகாபுத்திசாலி, ஒழுக்கமுள்ளவன் என்று நினைத்துக் கொண்டிருக்கிறார்கள். அதேபோல தன்னைப் போல கஷ்டப்படுபவர்களும் வேறு யாருமில்லை என்றும் எண்ணிக் கொள்கிறார்கள்.

கிருபானந்த வாரியார்

ஏழைகளையும், இயலாமையால் வருந்துபவர்களையும் ஆணவத்தால் இழிவாக நடத்துபவன் மறுபிறப்பில் அதற்கான தண்டனையை அடைவான்.

உணவருந்தும் போது வேண்டாத பரபரப்பும், வேகமும் கூடாது. அதே நேரத்தில் வேண்டாத கால தாமதமும் கூடாது.

ஞானத்தைத் தருபவர் நல்லாசிரியரே. வாழ்வில் நல்ல வழிகாட்டியான ஞான ஆசிரியரைப் பெற்றுவிட்டால் நிச்சயம் பிறவிக்கடலைத் தாண்டி விடலாம்.

கிருபானந்த வாரியார்

சாய்பாபா

பேச்சின் ஆற்றல் தீப்பொறி போன்றது. நாவைக் கட்டுப்படுத்துவதன் மூலம் ஒருவரால் உலகத்தையே கட்டுப்படுத்த முடியும். எனவே பேச்சைக் குறையுங்கள்.

வாகனத்தில் செல்பவர்கள் சமநிலை இழந்தால் விபத்துக்குள்ளாக நேரிடும். அதுபோல வாழ்க்கைப் பயணத்தில் அறிவுக்கும் குணத்துக்கும் சமநிலை தவறினால் ஆபத்துக்கு ஆளாக நேரிடும். புலன்களை அடக்குவதோடு நேர்மையான வாழ்க்கை வாழ்வதும் அவசியம்.

உலகில் உள்ள ஒவ்வொரு படைப்பும் பயனுடையதே. பயனற்ற பொருள்களை கடவுள் படைப்பதில்லை. அவற்றின் மதிப்பை நம்மால் அறிய முடியாது.

-சாய்பாபா

What Does Return On Equity - ROE Mean?
The amount of net income returned as a percentage of shareholders equity. Return on equity measures a corporation's profitability by revealing how much profit a company generates with the money

1, What is Rate of Return on Shareholders Equity? 

Return on Equity (ROE, Return on average common equity, return on net worth, Return on ordinary shareholders' funds) (requity) measures the rate of return on the ownership interest (shareholders' equity) of the common stock owners. It measures a firm's efficiency at generating profits from every unit of shareholders' equity (also known as net assets or assets minus liabilities). ROE shows how well a company uses investment funds to generate earnings growth.

The formula

 ^[1]

ROE is equal to a fiscal year's net income (after preferred stock dividends but before common stock dividends) divided by total equity (excluding preferred shares), expressed as a percentage. As with many financial ratios, ROE is best used to compare companies in the same industry.

High ROE yields no immediate benefit. Since stock prices are most strongly determined by earnings per share (EPS), you will be paying twice as much (in Price/Book terms) for a 20% ROE company as for a 10% ROE company. The benefit comes from the earnings reinvested in the company at a high ROE rate, which in turn gives the company a high growth rate.

ROE is presumably irrelevant if the earnings are not reinvested.

• The sustainable growth model shows us that when firms pay dividends, earnings growth lowers. If the dividend payout is 20%, the growth expected will be only 80% of the ROE rate.
• The growth rate will be lower if the earnings are used to buy back shares. If the shares are bought at a multiple of book value (say 3 times book), the incremental earnings returns will be only 'that fraction' of ROE (ROE/3).
• New investments may not be as profitable as the existing business. Ask "what is the company doing with its earnings?"
• Remember that ROE is calculated from the company's perspective, on the company as a whole. Since much financial manipulation is accomplished with new share issues and buyback, always recalculate on a 'per share' basis, i.e., earnings per share/book value per share.

1, What is Rate of Return on Shareholders Equity? 

Return on Equity (ROE, Return on average common equity, return on net worth, Return on ordinary shareholders' funds) (requity) measures the rate of return on the ownership interest (shareholders' equity) of the common stock owners. It measures a firm's efficiency at generating profits from every unit of shareholders' equity (also known as net assets or assets minus liabilities). ROE shows how well a company uses investment funds to generate earnings growth.

The formula

 ^[1]

ROE is equal to a fiscal year's net income (after preferred stock dividends but before common stock dividends) divided by total equity (excluding preferred shares), expressed as a percentage. As with many financial ratios, ROE is best used to compare companies in the same industry.

High ROE yields no immediate benefit. Since stock prices are most strongly determined by earnings per share (EPS), you will be paying twice as much (in Price/Book terms) for a 20% ROE company as for a 10% ROE company. The benefit comes from the earnings reinvested in the company at a high ROE rate, which in turn gives the company a high growth rate.

ROE is presumably irrelevant if the earnings are not reinvested.

• The sustainable growth model shows us that when firms pay dividends, earnings growth lowers. If the dividend payout is 20%, the growth expected will be only 80% of the ROE rate.
• The growth rate will be lower if the earnings are used to buy back shares. If the shares are bought at a multiple of book value (say 3 times book), the incremental earnings returns will be only 'that fraction' of ROE (ROE/3).
• New investments may not be as profitable as the existing business. Ask "what is the company doing with its earnings?"
• Remember that ROE is calculated from the company's perspective, on the company as a whole. Since much financial manipulation is accomplished with new share issues and buyback, always recalculate on a 'per share' basis, i.e., earnings per share/book value per share.

Question: What is the total asset turnover ratio and how is it calculated?

Answer:

The total asset turnover ratio measures the ability of a company to use its assets to generate sales. The total asset turnover ratio considers all assets including fixed assets, like plant and equipment, as well as inventory and accounts receivable.

The calculation for the total asset turnover ratio is:

Net Sales/Total Assets = # Times

Interpretation: The lower the total asset turnover ratio, as compared to historical data for the firm and industry data, the more sluggish the firm's sales. This may indicate a problem with one or more of the asset categories composing total assets - inventory, receivables, or fixed assets. The small business owner should analyze the various asset classes to determine where the problem lies.

What Does Fixed-Asset Turnover Ratio Mean?
A financial ratio of net sales to fixed assets. The fixed-asset turnover ratio measures a company's ability to generate net sales from fixed-asset investments - specifically property, plant and equipment (PP&E) - net of depreciation. A higher fixed-asset turnover ratio shows that the company has been more effective in using the investment in fixed assets to generate revenues.

The fixed-asset turnover ratio is calculated as:

What Does Profit Margin Mean?
A ratio of profitability calculated as net income divided by revenues, or net profits divided by sales. It measures how much out of every dollar of sales a company actually keeps in earnings.

Profit margin is very useful when comparing companies in similar industries. A higher profit margin indicates a more profitable company that has better control over its costs compared to its competitors. Profit margin is displayed as a percentage; a 20% profit margin, for example, means the company has a net income of $0.20 for each dollar of sales.

Also known as Net Profit Margin